1a) and feedbacks (Fig. 544, 551552. Clim. However, climate change impacts are uneven across the country and the world even within a single community, climate change impacts can differ between neighborhoods or individuals. Hibbard, D.J. Change 39, 170179 (2016). Google Scholar. Air quality impacts. U.S. Open Sci. Human health issues can increase mortality, impact food availability, and limit worker productivity. (2016). Scientists and policymakers must continue to interrogate the extent to which different interventions address the underlying root drivers of climate change, and do so in a more rigorous and systematic way. Soc. Chinn, S. & Hart, P. S. Climate change consensus messages cause reactance. Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth (National Academies Press, 2015). Since power can often lead to corruption, maintaining governance integrity is an ongoing process. Soc. Griscom, B. W. et al. Deep radical interventions also address inequality. T.H.M. Social science research to inform solar geoengineering. But public health groups can work with local communities to help people understand and build resilience to climate change health impacts. As global temperatures warm, many plants flower earlier in the spring. Damage to your home. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, pp. Environ. 33, 110 (2017). However, the typology does not assume that we must start at the bottom nor pass through every type to get to deep radical. Stewart (eds.)]. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, pp. Opin. But as temperatures warm, there is less snow overall and snow begins to melt earlier in the year, meaning snowpack may not be a reliable source of water for the entire warm and dry seasons. the latest science on climate change and mankind's . Global average temperature has increased about 1.8F from 1901 to 2016.1 Changes of one or two degrees in the average temperature of the planet can cause potentially dangerous shifts in climate and weather. Climate disruption has driven up food prices 2 increased the risk of West Nile outbreaks across the U.S. and helped fuel wildfires that caused over $1 billion in damages in 2013. Science 364, 132134 (2019). Nat. Extreme levels of Antarctic snowfall brought about by climate change have caused entire populations of seabirds to fail to breed, scientists have warned. ISSN 1758-678X (print). NOAA Sea Grant in North Carolina partnered with state and local groups to evaluate strategies for coping with inland road flooding during tropical storms and hurricanes. Others are dismantling the assumption that radical interventions are universally desirable by showing how different actors can resist and reinterpret transformational change37. We see climate change affecting our planet from pole to pole. Internet Explorer). Temperature-related death and illness. Domino effect of climate change over two millennia in ancient Chinas Hexi Corridor, A systematic global stocktake of evidence on human adaptation to climate change, Governance in socioeconomic pathways and its role for future adaptive capacity, Lessons from the Advocacy Coalition Framework for climate change policy and politics, Achievements and needs for the climate change scenario framework, RRT (resistanceresiliencetransformation) typology reveals differential conservation approaches across ecosystems and time, Examples of shifting development pathways: lessons on how to enable broader, deeper, and faster climate action, Stringent mitigation substantially reduces risk of unprecedented near-term warming rates, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2022.102638, https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2021.2008855, https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2022.2101501. The first finding is that six greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur . The impacts of climate change on different sectors of society are interrelated. Official websites use .gov Adaptation Gap Report 2020 (UNEP, 2021). New For. All authors drafted, reviewed and edited the paper. Here, we directly address the challenge of facilitating a more radical approach to intervention. With a modest expenditure of around 0.5% of GDP, for example, the Bolsa Famlia Program in Brazil has conditionally linked education and health care through family cash transfers, thereby addressing one of the root causes of climate change (inequality) while severely reducing vulnerability to drought77. Fisher, D. R. & Nasrin, S. Shifting coalitions within the youth climate movement in the US. Lewis, T.K. Different research strands across multiple disciplines are now informing policy debates and generating public enthusiasm about the mechanics of radical intervention. Hart, H. Stiller & A. Sutton-Grier. Transdisciplinary researchers have also recently converged on the key conclusion that tackling proximate impacts and causes through modifying thresholds and feedbacks (Fig. As ocean temperatures rise, hurricanes are getting stronger and wetter, which can cause direct and indirect deaths. Kunkel, A.N. (2014), Ocean acidity dissolving tiny snails' protective shell (2014), Climate change to increase water stress (2013), Despite pandemic shutdowns, carbon dioxide and methane surged in 2020, Colorado students increase community resilience to wildfires, A look back: Chicago teens became advocates for building the citys climate resilience. Sustain. Clim. High-tide flooding will soak about 20 north-east cities for at least 30 days a year by 2050, scientists predict, with the region also hit by stronger hurricanes and storms. The study in Nature Climate Change found that human-induced climate change increased the annual average temperature globally in the warm season by nearly three degrees, to 73.4 degrees. Rich Goldberg, president of a communications firm that caters specifically to the propane and heating oil industry, wrote in a blog that New York has "the most radical climate change legislation . Hickel, J. et al. However, root drivers are often spatially and temporally disarticulated from everyday experiences of proximate causes and effects. Meaningful climate action requires interventions that are preventative, effective and systemicinterventions that are radical rather than conventional. A 'Radical' Chemical That Helps Keep Our Atmosphere Stable Before we can determine how fragile or stable Earth's atmosphere is, we first have to define what those terms mean. Correspondence to Easterling, K.E. Lockley, A. et al. At this place in the typology, (2) Hopeful intervention, it is believed that it is possible to address the climate emergency through an assortment of soft economic changes (carbon accounting schemes, renewable energy and clean technology targets) and nature-based solutions (such as incentivizing corporations to sequester carbon or undertake regenerative design). Climate change impacts are seen throughout every aspect of the world we live in. In the United States, state-level carbon prices range from $5 to $15 a ton. By contrast, interventions that get closer to addressing the root drivers of climate changesuch as fossil fuel bans and degrowth policiesare also ambiguously branded as radical but in a way that disparages them as extreme or infeasible. Easterling, K.E. Examples include: Interventions that tackle capitalism and materialism. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2022.102638 (2022). The Cost of Climate Change. In many nations, climate-driven disasters and scientific confirmation of temperature shifts have also failed to catalyse policies and votes, refuting assumptions that crisis and evidence will inevitably drive collective commitment and action4,5. Plann. A global analysis of the social and environmental outcomes of community forests. Nolte, T.L. To that end, we outline a new typology of radical climate intervention. B., Shelamoff, V. & Layton, C. Seaweed ecosystems may not mitigate CO2 emissions. Fries depend on potatoes, and like all crops, potatoes have a preferred climate. 197199. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, pp. Spain, for example, already outperforms the United States in key social indicators (including a life expectancy that is five years longer), despite having 55% less GDP per capita73. Researchers are studying current and future impacts of climate change on communities and can offer recommendations on best practices. Trans. doi: 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH2, Wehner, M.F., J.R. Arnold, T. Knutson, K.E. Communication scholars have demonstrated how climate narratives and visuals can strengthen community understanding of longitudinal change, thereby improving feedback between climate-impacted systems and society32,33. As a result, the water is becoming more acidic, affecting marine life. Change 12, 773774 (2022). One place we see this happening rapidly is in transportation, in cars and buses and delivery vehicles. For all the sound and fury of climate change denialists, self-deluding politicians and a very bewildered global public, the science behind climate change is rock solid while the impacts . Temperature changes in the United States. While the impacts of climate change vary across the globe, scientists agree that overall, human-caused warming is supercharging these extreme . The tragedy of climate change science. COP23 Talanoa Dialogue Submission: Where are We? (UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, 2018). National Weather Service. 8, 201296 (2021). Stewart (eds.)]. Manag. volume12,pages 11001106 (2022)Cite this article. Many communities are not yet prepared to face climate-related threats. Standard solutions to the threat of >1.5C global average warming are not ambitious enough to prevent large-scale irreversible loss. Robust examples include basic income schemes, progressive income and wealth taxes, and resource taxes as employed in Scandinavian countries. Climate change is happening. These interventions act to strategically correct the asymmetrical political economic relations that drive exploitative and extractive systems68. Climate change will continue to have a significant impact on ecosystems and organisms, though they are not impacted equally. 4, 14721476 (2020). Balbus, G. Luber, A. Bole, A. Crimmins, G. Glass, S. Saha, M.M. In: Impacts, risks, and adaptation in the United States: Fourth national climate assessment, volume II [Reidmiller, D.R., C.W. Morrison, T.H., Adger, W.N., Agrawal, A. et al. 79, 585592 (2022). Global temperatures rose about 1.98F offsite link (1.1C) from 1901 to 2020, but climate change refers to more than an increase in temperature. Clearly, actionability and positivity are important for a time-sensitive and politicized issue such as climate change. Sea level rise can also lead to coastal erosion and high-tide flooding. World Dev. Resilience education is vitally important for city planners, emergency managers, educators, communicators, and all other community members to prepare for climate change. These efforts aim to disrupt business-as-usual to force declaration of a climate emergency, compel divestment from fossil fuel investment and sponsorship, and increase public awareness and engagement with climate action. Energy Res. Spero & L. Ziska. In broader context, the total cost of U.S. billion-dollar disasters over the last 5 years (2016-2020) exceeds $600 billion, with a 5-year annual cost average of $121.3 billion, both of which are new records. Three decades of climate mitigation: why havent we bent the global emissions curve? 8890. Climate Change and Social Vulnerability in the United States: A Focus on Six Impacts. Warmer temperatures increase the frequency, intensity, and duration of heat waves. Easterling, K.E. Change 69, 102290 (2021). However, there is a trade-off between speed of implementation and depthwhile hopeful interventions move some distance towards encouraging resource users, households and communities to address the underlying drivers of climate change, they remain incremental and conservative in that they fail to disrupt the status quo and are clearly not working fast nor deep enough to slow climate change. doi: 10.7930/J0CJ8BNN, Fleming, E., J. Payne, W. Sweet, M. Craghan, J. Haines, J.F. 1b) will rarely have lasting or meaningful impact unless the underlying drivers (Fig. While such scholarship is now a dynamic and vibrant field in the climate arena, the fields antecedents are located in much older theories of transformations of societies and economies (for example, refs. (2016). Dambacher, B. M., Stilwell, M. T. & McGee, J. S. Clearing the air: avoiding conflicts of interest within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Google Scholar. Hulme, M. Can Science Fix Climate Change? New Political Econ. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. In recent years, the impacts of extreme weather and climate change have been felt in communities across the U.S. President Joe Biden has been elected on a promise, among others, to move the United States towards an ambitious new climate agenda - a feat that will require a radical transformation of. Brazils soy moratorium. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change emphasises that by 2040, climate breakdown will lead to numerous risks to natural and human systems if we continue on a path towards a global . Kunkel, K.L.M. Nat. The blue lines indicate an alternative response curve, modified by interventions, and the blue and black dots show the shift in the state of the system (for a given intensity of climate change) due to interventions. Clim. Low, S., Baum, C. M. & Sovacool, B. K. Taking it outside: exploring social opposition to 21 early-stage experiments in radical climate interventions. 1. Change 10, 322328 (2020). Ecol. Unlike Hurricane Ida, Hurricane Harvey covered a large area with extreme precipitation falling over a longer period of time. 1c) are also addressed10,11,13,14. Drought can harm food production and human health. 1). New forms of radical intervention are already emerging, but they risk being waylaid by rhetorical or misleading claims. Future visioning of local climate change: a framework for community engagement and planning with scenarios and visualisation. The imagining of better futures, without any kind of details about how to achieve them, is seen as a form of escapism from life's real problems. Change 71, 102392 (2021). conceived the idea and led the analytic design. These different interpretations can be viewed as a typology, with each type reflecting the extent to which the intervention disrupts the status quo to address the root drivers of climate change. Bedran-Martins, A. M. & Lemos, M. C. Politics of drought under Bolsa Famlia Program in Northeast Brazil. Nevertheless, tactical interventions create powerful social movements that increase the moral pressure and economic incentive for climate action. Scientific research has documented how events including extreme precipitation, droughts and forest fires have become more frequent and severe as a result of climate change. Shifting the politics of climate change adaptation and transformation from the status quo. Natural climate solutions. Interventions that influence and change root driverswhich are historical, political and socio-economicrequire systemic change and structural transformation of humanhuman and humannature relationships. Rao, N. R. H., Tamburic, B., Doan, Y. T. T., Nguyen, B. D. & Henderson, R. K. Algal biotechnology in Australia and Vietnam: opportunities and challenges. Environ. Stewart (eds.)]. Some invasive or nuisance species, like lionfish and ticks, may thrive in even more places because of climate change. Her maize crop was looking good this season. Importantly, transdisciplinary findings on many of these interventions are now directly informing IPCC synthesis on the systems and conditions for transformational change1. 1Hayhoe, K., D.J. Rev. Nat. Have a comment on this page? Bryan Tarnowski for The New York Times. More than 200 people have been confirmed killed by Cyclone Freddy, which tore through southern Malawi for a second time on Monday, washing away homes, roads, and farmers' fields. Gibbs, H. K. et al. Sustain. Tbara, J. D. et al. Rev. Radical perspectives for climate protection, insurgency and civil disobedience in a low-carbon era. Examples of adaptation include strengthening water conservation programs, upgrading stormwater systems, developing early warning systems for extreme heat events, and preparing for stronger storms through better emergency preparation and response strategies. 43-68. doi: 10.7930/J0MG7MDX, 3Fann, N., T. Brennan, P. Dolwick, J.L. (Image credit: NOAA). Interventions that tackle lock-in of exploitative and extractive systems. Coral Reefs 35, 857865 (2016). Type 4, Partial intervention, builds on type 3 by actually banning fossil fuelsbut with no further attempt to address the economic structures that encourage fossil fuel extraction and consumption, nor to guide the social transitions required for displaced workers. Proc. Maycock & B.C. B 375, 20190120 (2020). Ecosystems and communities in the United States and around the world are being impacted today. Energy 6, 766768 (2021). 12, 193 (2021). Sustain. Going forward, it is important for communities to invest in resilient infrastructure that will be able to withstand future climate risks. 6998. 3, 947955 (2020). U.S. 1). 58, 16011616 (2015). However, because outcomes are nonlinear and systemic, understanding how they work together as a group and over time remains challenging6. Reducing our emissions of greenhouse gases will require investment in new technology and infrastructure, which will spur job growth. Levels of the two most important anthropogenic greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide and methane, continued their unrelenting rise in 2020 despite the economic slowdown caused by the coronavirus pandemic response. Chang. Physical infrastructure includes bridges, roads, ports, electrical grids, broadband internet, and other parts of our transportation and communication systems. Burch, S. et al. The Arctic is one of the ecosystems most vulnerable to the effects of climate change, as it is warming at least twice the rate of the global average and melting land ice sheets and glaciers contribute dramatically offsite link to sea level rise around the globe. 93, 115 (2017). . As the snow melts, freshwater becomes available for use, especially in regions like the Western United States where there is not much precipitation in warmer months. Nat. Weiskopf, S. Carter, J. Peterson, L. Crozier, M. Fogarty, S. Gaichas, K.J.W. Hart, H. Stiller & A. Sutton-Grier. (2017). Avery, D.R. Rubenstein, S.R. For example: Elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide will persist in the atmosphere for hundreds or thousands of years, so the earth will continue to warm in the coming decades. Folke, C. et al. Weather catastrophes in the United States have incurred a cost of over $1 trillion in damages over the past 30 years 1. For example, simplistic claims that fossil fuel bans will incur human development costs are often used to close down more nuanced debates about the social and environmental benefits of such bans69. White text indicates the risks faced by those communities, while dark text indicates actions that can be taken to reduce those risks. However, while palliative interventions seek to manipulate peopleclimate thresholds and feedbacks, they do not address root drivers, and are therefore implausible as a means of achieving the urgent goals of limiting GHG emissions and preventing the worst climate outcomes. An official website of the United States government. 13, 063002 (2018). You can explore more at the Global Climate Dashboard. In other cases, one action may preclude or at least make another less likely, or actually undermine a different intervention. U.S. White-Newsome. Sci. The Climate Leadership Council, a bipartisan advocacy group backed by major oil companies , endorses a federal carbon . Staudinger, C. Stock, L. Thompson, R. Waples & J.F. Coral reef ecosystems are home to thousands of species, which rely on healthy coral reefs to survive. ICES J. Mar. For example: Warmer temperatures increase the frequency, intensity, and duration of heat waves, 2 which can pose health risks, particularly for young children and the elderly. Australia's CSIRO's atmospheric research unit has found the world is warming faster than predicted by the United Nations' top climate change body, with harmful emissions exceeding worst-case. Hinrichs, C. C. Transitions to sustainability: a change in thinking about food systems change? Political dynamics and governance of World Heritage ecosystems. Specific lines of enquiry centre on interventions to produce decarbonization transitions within particular sectors, such as food systems27, energy28 and cities29. Nature 555, 303305 (2018). You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. By 2015, food poverty was reduced for approximately 14 million families (56 million people) in 5,000 municipalities through encouraging family-led uptake of both health care and education78. These interventions work best when they ensure that communities are not excluded nor left in over-extractive poverty traps in the rush to transform37,84. Buscher, B. and JavaScript. 12, 11001106 (2022). Evol. Now that we have properly justified radical and explained common modes of intervention, the immediate challenge is to ensure that all radical options are assessed rigorously and systematically. Simple fossil fuel bans unaccompanied by broader structural adjustment (such as regional transition plans and super-profits taxes) can create the impression of progress and absolve governments, in particular, of broader interventions for more sustainable and just societies10,11,12,13,14. 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